The Burden of Traumatic Brain Injury, Its Causes, and Future Trend Predictions in 204 Countries and Territories (1990–2021): Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

作者：Jiayu Liu, Aiqiang Xu, Zhifeng Zhao, Dandong Fang, Wenying Lv, Yanteng Li, Peng Wang, Yuxin Wang, Yongjing Dai, Xiaoque Zheng, Fan Yang, Gang Cheng, Jianning Zhang · 发表于：Neuroepidemiology · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1159/000547563 · 被引用次数：14 · 研究领域：Traumatic Brain Injury Research、Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances、Trauma and Emergency Care Studies

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with varying epidemiological trends across regions and demographics. Updated global assessments are needed to inform prevention and care strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data on the age-standardized prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) of TBI and its leading causes were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 project for 204 countries and territories, between 1990 and 2021. The counts and rates per 100,000 population, along with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), were presented for each estimate. RESULTS: In 2021, 37.92 million (37,928,494) prevalent cases of TBI were reported globally, with TBI accounting for 20.83 million (20,837,466) incident cases and 5.48 million (5,480,354) YLDs cases. The global age-standardized point prevalence, incidence, and YLD rates for TBI were 448 (95% UIs: 429.3-469.7), 259 (225.5-296.2), and 64.8 (45.7-86.7) per 100,000 population, which were 16.5%, 20.2%, 16.2% lower than in 1990, respectively. In 2021, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (1,218.2) had the highest age-standardized point prevalence of TBI (per 100,000). Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (680.7) had the highest age-standardized incidence of TBI (per 100,000). Syrian Arab Republic (83.5%) showed the largest increases in age-standardized point prevalence across the study period. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (177.8) and the Republic of Madagascar (25.8) had the highest a...