Comparative effect of dietary patterns on selected cardiovascular risk factors: A network study

作者：Yajing Sun, Mingjing Shang, Yujiao Zhang, Jun Hu, Haiyan Wang · 发表于：Scientific Reports · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1038/s41598-025-13596-x · 被引用次数：4 · 研究领域：Diet and metabolism studies、Nutritional Studies and Diet、Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major global health concern associated with modifiable risk factors including obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia. While various dietary patterns have demonstrated cardiovascular benefits, their comparative effectiveness remains unclear. This network meta-analysis (NMA) systematically evaluates the impact of eight dietary patterns on cardiovascular risk markers. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing low-fat, Mediterranean, ketogenic, low-carbohydrate, high-protein, vegetarian, intermittent fasting, and DASH diets. A random-effects model analyzed mean differences (MD) in body composition (weight, BMI, waist circumference), lipid profiles (triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C), glycemic markers (glucose), and blood pressure (systolic/diastolic). Dietary efficacy was ranked via Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking Curve (SUCRA) scores. Among 21 RCTs (1,663 participants), ketogenic (MD -10.5 kg, 95% CI -18.0 to -3.05; SUCRA 99) and high-protein diets (MD -4.49 kg, 95% CI -9.55 to 0.35; SUCRA 71) showed superior efficacy for weight reduction. For waist circumference, ketogenic (MD -11.0 cm, 95% CI -17.5 to -4.54; SUCRA 100) and low-carbohydrate diets (MD -5.13 cm, 95% CI -8.83 to -1.44; SUCRA 77) achieved greatest reductions. DASH diet most effectively lowered systolic blood pressure (MD -7.81 mmHg, 95% CI -14.2 to -0.46; SUCRA 89), while intermittent fasting also demonstrated significant blood pres...