Global, regional, and national differences in the burden of refraction disorders among children, adolescents, and older adults: current trends and future projections

作者：Qiheng Yuan, Longji Wang, Bianjin Sun, Siwen Chen, Yutong Kang, Yongliang Lou, Meiqin Zheng · 发表于：BMC Public Health · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1186/s12889-025-23887-7 · 被引用次数：4 · 研究领域：Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies

BACKGROUND: Refraction disorders (RD), which includes myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia, is the leading cause of visual impairment worldwide. Uncorrected RD is the leading cause of moderate and severe vision loss. However, existing studies have only analyzed the burden of RD at the global level, lacking analysis at the national level and specific populations. This study used data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) report to analyze regional differences and trends in the burden of RD among children, adolescents, and the elderly at the national level. METHODS: GBD 2021 data were used to examine RD burden in these groups, exploring associations with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and analyzing inequality trends. Decomposition analysis was applied, frontier analysis identified potential burden reductions, and Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) Models were used to forecast future trends. RESULTS: From 1990 to 2021, RD cases increased from 21.48 million to 24.45 million (a 13.8% increase) in children and adolescents, and from 29.26 million to 60.82 million (an increase of 107.87%) in the elderly. Decomposition analysis also revealed that population growth was the primary driver of the increased RD burden in both age groups. In regions with Middle, High-middle, and High SDI, the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of Age-Standardized Prevalence Rate (ASPR) in children and adolescents was positive, indicating an upward trend in the burden of RD. RD burd...