Exploring Regulatory Frameworks for Exosome Therapy: Insights and Perspectives

作者：Qiushi Li, Yuxia Li, Jiaqing Shao, Jianhua Sun, Lan Hu, Yun Fei Xia, Chen Liuqing, Likun Gong, Wu Shuxia · 发表于：Health care science · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1002/hcs2.70028 · 被引用次数：52 · 研究领域：Extracellular vesicles in disease、Cell Adhesion Molecules Research、Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising technology for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in clinical settings over the past decade. However, their advancement is hindered by complex technological and regulatory challenges. This review outlines key considerations in the manufacturing process, quality management, and nonclinical evaluation relevant to EV-based drug development. Furthermore, we summarize and compare technical regulatory requirements across major countries to help clarify the regulatory principles governing EV products. Our analysis reveals an ongoing international debate regarding the regulatory review of EVs. Nevertheless, adopting a risk-based classification framework that categorizes EV products as advanced therapeutic drugs is a rational approach. Critical challenges include the development of standardized production protocols, a clearer understanding of therapeutic mechanisms, and resolving complex regulatory issues.