The role of mast cells in allergic rhinitis

作者：Jin Zhang, Xiaofei Xie, Ruixia Ma, Peng Liu · 发表于：PeerJ · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.7717/peerj.19734 · 被引用次数：2 · 研究领域：Mast cells and histamine、Asthma and respiratory diseases、Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization

Introduction In recent decades, mast cells and their mediators have been increasingly recognized as central players in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR), a complex chronic nasal disease characterized by pathological changes influenced by genetic factors, various immune cells, and environmental exposures. Mast cells are pivotal in allergic reactions, orchestrating inflammation and airway contraction through the secretion of diverse mediators. Prominent among these mediators are histamine and bioactive lipids, whose physiological effects are prominently observed during the acute phase of allergic reactions. The accumulation of mast cells in specific areas of allergic rhinitis may correlate with the disease’s phenotype, progression, and severity. In vivo experiments in mice have demonstrated that mast cells develop from mast cell progenitor cells, which are induced by inflammatory stimuli and subsequently migrate to the airway. Human mast cell progenitor cells have been identified in the bloodstream, with a high proportion potentially reflecting the persistent pathological changes associated with allergic rhinitis. The primary activation of mast cells in allergic rhinitis occurs via the cross-linking of IgE high-affinity receptors (Fc ɛ RI) mediated by IgE in conjunction with allergens. However, mast cells can also be activated by a variety of other stimuli, including toll-like receptors and MAS-related G protein-coupled receptor X2. Rationale for this review Despite th...