Toxic interactions between cadmium and salt: Insights into alleviation strategies for the defense system of medicinal hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum

作者：Chang Ju, Li Wang, Yongqiang You, Fang Ma · 发表于：Industrial Crops and Products · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121584 · 被引用次数：3 · 研究领域：Heavy Metals in Plants、Aluminum toxicity and tolerance in plants and animals、Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance

Cadmium (Cd) and salt stress affect the growth and metabolism of medicinal plants. However, there is currently a lack of systematic studies examining the interactions between Cd and salt stress in the medicinal hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum . In this study, pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of varying levels of Cd (0, 5, and 20 mg kg -1 ) and NaCl (0, 100, and 200 mM) individually and in combination on biomass, oxidative damage, accumulation of toxic elements, and synthesis of antioxidant and osmoregulatory compounds in Solanum nigrum . The results indicated that compared to individual exposure to high concentrations of Cd or salt stress alone, co-exposure resulted in a more than 4-fold increase in plant Cd and Na concentrations, accompanied by more than 80 % biomass reduction. Cd and salt tended to induce non-stomatal and stomatal photosynthetic limitations, respectively, leading to a decrease in plant photosynthetic capacity. Compared with Cd, salt stress induced a more pronounced water saturation deficit. Cd or salt stress increased the levels of O 2 •− , H 2 O 2 , malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakage in plants, and combined stress exacerbated these adverse effects. Integrated biomarker response version 2 (IBRv2) analysis further demonstrated a synergistic amplification effect of Cd and salt on plants’ oxidative damage. Plants stimulated the antioxidant and osmoregulatory systems to resist oxidative damage under single stress but employed trad...