Gut microbiota and SCFAs improve the treatment efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in NSCLC

作者：Yanping Yang, Maosong Ye, Yijun Song, Yijun Song, Xing Zhao, Xing Zhao, Yufan Li, Jiacheng Shen, Jian Zhou, Kinji Arikawa, Shengdi Wu, Yuanlin Song, Yuanlin Song, Nuo Xu · 发表于：npj Biofilms and Microbiomes · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1038/s41522-025-00785-9 · 被引用次数：27 · 研究领域：Gut microbiota and health、Ginseng Biological Effects and Applications、Tryptophan and brain disorders

The role of gut dysbiosis in shaping immunotherapy responses is well-recognized, yet its effect on the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy combinations remains poorly understood. We analyzed gut microbiota in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with chemo-immunotherapy, comparing responders and non-responders using 16S rRNA sequencing. Responders showed higher microbial richness and abundance of specific genera like Faecalibacterium and Subdoligranulum, and the phylum Firmicutes. Support vector machine (SVM), a machine learning model based on microbial composition, predicted treatment efficacy with the area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.763 for genera and 0.855 for species. Metagenomic analysis revealed significant differences in metabolic pathways, with responders exhibiting higher short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and SCFAs supplementation in mouse models enhanced treatment efficacy by promoting effector T cell activity in tumors. Our study suggests that gut microbiota, through SCFAs production, regulates chemo-immunotherapy efficacy, offering new strategies to improve NSCLC treatment outcomes.