Translational framework for implementation evaluation and research: implementation strategies derived from normalization process theory

作者：Carl May, Alyson Hillis, Bianca Albers, Laura Desveaux, Anthony Gilbert, Melissa Girling, Roman Kislov, Anne MacFarlane, Frances S Mair, Sebastian Potthoff, Tim Rapley, Tracy Finch · 发表于：Implementation Science · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1186/s13012-025-01444-5 · 被引用次数：13 · 研究领域：Health Policy Implementation Science、Mental Health and Patient Involvement、Community Health and Development

BACKGROUND: Implementation strategies are deliberate systematic actions used to support the uptake of innovations in health and social care. While widely used taxonomies such as ERIC and EPOC have emerged from consensus exercises, few implementation strategies are explicitly derived from theory and tested against empirical data. This study develops a taxonomy of implementation strategies grounded in Normalization Process Theory (NPT), an implementation theory that explains how new practices become embedded and sustained. METHODS: We conducted a qualitative evidence synthesis of studies that reported implementation projects informed by NPT. Studies were identified through citation tracking and database searches, screened using pre-specified criteria, and appraised for methodological quality. Using the NPT coding manual, we identified implementation mechanisms described in each study and translated these into candidate implementation strategies. These were then tested against all included studies through iterative qualitative content analysis. RESULT: Searches led to 9,147 references, and we then eliminated 5,708 duplicates. After title and abstract screening a further 1,443 were eliminated. Full text screening was undertaken with 1,996 papers, and 1,411 of these were eliminated. This left 585 papers subjected to quality assessment, of which 522 were eliminated. Finally, 63 papers were included in the review. Qualitative analysis of included papers yielded 24 general strategies...