Preparation and Characterization of Efficient and Safe Rotenone Solid Nanodispersion by Self-Emulsifying Technique

作者：Yunfei Zhang, Xuesheng Lin, Yunlong Qian, Mingda Qin, Shujing Zhang, Lanying Wang, Yanping Luo · 发表于：Nanomaterials · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3390/nano15141056 · 被引用次数：2 · 研究领域：Analytical Chemistry and Sensors、Dyeing and Modifying Textile Fibers、Nanofabrication and Lithography Techniques

Self-emulsifying solid nanodispersion technology is emerging as an attractive strategy to prepare new eco-friendly and efficient nano-formulations due to its simple, energy efficient and easy scale-up process. However, it is still unknown whether this technology can be employed to cope with the drawbacks of botanical insecticides including poor water solubility, rapid photodegradation and limited targeting efficiency. In this study, rotenone (Rot) was selected as a model of botanical insecticides, and its solid nanodispersion (Rot–SND) was prepared by a self-emulsifying method combined with parameter optimization. Our target nano-formulation, consisting of 5% Rot, 20% surfactant complexes of 8% Ethylan 992 and 12% EL–80, and 75% lactose, exhibited excellent storage stability and significantly improved the pseudo-solubility of Rot by at least 250 times. The average particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) of Rot–SND were determined to be 101.19 nm and 0.21, respectively. Rot–SND displayed smaller contact angles and greater retention on both cucumber and cabbage leaves than those of a commercial emulsifiable concentrates (ECs). Rot–SND was also more resistant to photodegradation, with a degradation rate reduced by 27.01% as compared with the ECs. In addition, the toxicity of Rot–SND towards Aphis gossypii was 3.01 times that of the ECs, with a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 1.45 µg a.i./mL. Under the field conditions, Rot–SND showed a prolonged duration for A. gossyp...