Genomic insights into the demographic history and local adaptation of wild boars across Eurasia

作者：Zishuai Wang, Zixin Li, Tao Huang, Jianhai Chen, Pan Xu, Ruimin Qiao, Hongwei Yin, Chengyi Song, Dongjie Zhang, Di Liu, Shuhong Zhao, Martien A. M. Groenen, Ole Madsen, Yanlin Zhang, Lijing Bai, Kui Li · 发表于：Cell Genomics · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.xgen.2025.100954 · 被引用次数：8 · 研究领域：Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock、Genetic diversity and population structure、Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals

Wild boars exhibit genetic and phenotypic diversity shaped by migrations and local adaptations. Their expansion across Eurasia, especially in Central Asia, remains underexplored. Here, we present newly sequenced whole-genome data of 47 wild boars from Eastern Asia, Central Asia, and Europe, combined with 49 existing genomes, creating a comprehensive dataset of 96 individuals. Our analyses show that Asian wild boars and Southeast Asian Suids split ∼3.6 million years ago (mya), with Central Asian and Southern Chinese ancestors diverging ∼1.8 mya. The split between Central Asian and European-Near East ancestors occurred ∼0.9 mya, followed by a European-Near East divergence ∼0.6 mya. We identify signatures of local adaptation in Central Asian populations, including two positively selected variants in LPIN1, associated with lipid metabolism, and a missense mutation in ALPK2, linked to meat traits. These findings provide insights into wild boar dispersal and adaptation and shed light on domestic pig breeding.