Common drivers of questionable health behaviours identified across 33 countries and five continents

作者：Iris Žeželj, Marija Petrović, Aleksandra Lazić, Danka Purić, Goran Knežević, Ljiljana B. Lazarević, Sanda Stanković, Milica Ninković, Matúš Adamkovič, Ali H. Al‐Hoorie, Sinan Alper, Rizwana Amin, Patrí­cia Arriaga, Igor Bajšanski, Aistė Bakaitytė, Krystian Barzykowski, Michèle D. Birtel, Abdel Halim Boudoukha, Émilie Bucourt, J.-J. Carre, Vladimíra Čavojová, Nadia Saraí Corral-Frías, Anca Dobrean, Saša Drače, Srđan Dušanić, Arūnas Emeljanovas, Matthew Facciani, Pablo Ezequiel Flores-Kanter, Michał Folwarczny, Biljana Gjoneska, María Anali Gomez-Araiza, Kay Govin, Nina Hadžiahmetović, Աննա Հակոբջանյան, Merle Havik, Bo Hu, Μαρία Ιωάννου, İ̇dil Işık, Gabriela Jarosz, Gabriela Jońska, Bibiána Jozefiaková, Johannes Keller, Laura M König, Kenn Konstabel, Ivana Kovačević, Anna Kubelkova, David Lacko, Siniša Lakić, Žan Lep, Chang Lu, Alexei Lysenkov, Sergey Malykh, Diego Manríquez-Robles, Silvia Mari, Žiga Mekiš Recek, Nisma Merdad, Manuel S. Ortíz, Tobias Otterbring, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Sofia Pelica, Stefan Pfattheicher, Gerit Pfuhl, Costina-Ruxandra Poetar, Weiping Qin, Gordana Ristevska Dimitrovska, Stanislav Sabaliauskas, Anabela Caetano Santos, André Sarmento, Karolina Aleksandra Ścigała, Astghik Serobyan, Jakub Šrol, Viktória Sunyík, P. Swathisha, Szidalisz Ágnes Teleki, Louise Townsin, Mario Trógolo, Jaan Tulviste, Pavle Valerjev, Lucia Volpi, Lijun Wang, Sanser Yener, Yucheng Zhang, András N. Zsidó, Rita Žukauskienė · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.31234/osf.io/tkj7u_v1 · 被引用次数：2 · 研究领域：Health disparities and outcomes

The global rise in intentional non-adherence to medical advice and the use of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicine poses a burden on public health and national economies. In a large-scale, preregistered study, we found that these two types of questionable health behaviours were positively associated in 32 out of 33 countries and that nearly all of the 15,218 participants had engaged in at least one such behaviour during their lifetime. Both behaviours were consistently predicted by psychological factors—especially negative healthcare experiences and a set of epistemically flawed beliefs including conspiracy, magical health, and extrasensory perception beliefs, along with the personality trait disintegration — with effect sizes often larger than previously reported. Predictiveness of these individual-level factors outweighed that of national health system characteristics. Our findings suggest that health systems should build trust, improve patient experience, and screen for individuals vulnerable to unfounded beliefs that can undermine evidence-based health decisions.