Gut microbiota and metabolomics in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: interaction, mechanism, and therapeutic value

作者：Luyu Wang, Hongtao Wang, Jian‐Lin Wu, Changyi Ji, Ying Wang, Mengmeng Gu, Miaomiao Li, Hong Yang · 发表于：Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3389/fcimb.2025.1635638 · 被引用次数：17 · 研究领域：Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment、Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies、Gut microbiota and health

The global epidemic of Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) urgently demands breakthroughs in precision medicine strategies. Its pathogenesis centers on the cascade dysregulation of the gut microbiota-metabolite-liver axis: microbial dysbiosis drives hepatic lipid accumulation and fibrosis by suppressing short-chain fatty acid synthesis, activating the TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory pathway, and disrupting bile acid signaling. Metabolomics further reveals characteristic disturbances including free fatty acid accumulation, aberrantly elevated branched-chain amino acids (independently predictive of hepatic steatosis), and mitochondrial dysfunction, providing a molecular basis for disease stratification. The field of precision diagnosis is undergoing transformative innovation-multi-omics integration combined with AI-driven analysis of liver enzymes and metabolic biomarkers enables non-invasive, ultra-high-accuracy staging of fibrosis. Therapeutic strategies are shifting towards personalization: microbial interventions require matching to patient-specific microbial ecology, drug selection necessitates efficacy and safety prediction, and synthetically engineered "artificial microbial ecosystems" represent a cutting-edge direction. Future efforts must establish a "multi-omics profiling-AI-powered dynamic modeling-clinical validation" closed-loop framework to precisely halt MAFLD progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma by deciphering patient-specific m...