Comprehensive insights into the disease burden linked to air pollution exposure across U.S. states: findings from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study

作者：Kaibin Lin, Junxian Quan, Jiafen Liao, Yiyue Chen, Bing Zhou, Xiwei Xu · 发表于：Frontiers in Public Health · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3389/fpubh.2025.1636544 · 被引用次数：4 · 研究领域：Air Quality and Health Impacts、Climate Change and Health Impacts、Energy and Environment Impacts

Background Ambient air pollution persists as a critical global health threat, ranking fourth among risk factors for premature mortality. Despite decades of air quality improvements in the U.S. through regulatory measures, persistent health impacts remain, driven primarily by particulate matter (PM 2 .5) and ozone. Objective This study aimed to quantify long-term trends (1990–2021) in air pollution-attributable disease burdens across U.S. states, evaluate the effectiveness of existing policies, and identify priorities for future public health strategies to address persistent and emerging risks. Methods Using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 dataset, we analyzed age-standardized mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) attributable to PM 2 .5, ozone, and household air pollution. Disease burdens were assessed for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease (IHD), lower respiratory infections, stroke, and lung cancer. Data were standardized to the GBD reference population for comparability over time. Results From 1990 to 2021, PM 2 .5-attributable mortality declined by 80.5%, with IHD deaths falling by 70.6% (79,684–23,433 deaths) and associated DALYs by 71.2%. However, diabetes-related YLDs surged 97.4% nationally, reflecting interactions with obesity and lifestyle factors. Formerly high-pollution states (e.g., Indiana, Tennessee) achieved substantial (3...