Phytochemical constituents, therapeutic potential and toxicity of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis: An in-depth review

作者：Mahima Tiwari, Suruchi, Ajay Gupta, Dipti Pal, Sanmati Kumar Jain · 发表于：Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100662 · 被引用次数：4 · 研究领域：Saffron Plant Research Studies、Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies、Phytochemical and Pharmacological Studies

ABSTRACT Introduction Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (GJE), also known as "cape jasmine," is an East Asian blooming species indigenous to East Asia. This plant has extensive utility in the history of Traditional Chinese Medicine and is acknowledged for its ability to combat inflammation, safeguard liver health and possess antioxidant capabilities. Objective This review seeks to examine the ethnopharmacological importance of GJE, emphasizing its historical applications, bioactive constituents, and possible therapeutic benefits as well as toxicity. Methods An investigation into the phytoconstituents, extraction techniques, and pharmacological effects of the GJE was conducted using a variety of academic databases and search engines. These included Google Scholar, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Flora of China, Wanfang Database, Plant of the World Online, ChemSpider, EPPO Global Database, Springer Link, and Science Direct. Outcomes An examination uncovers a variety of bioactive phytoconstituents, such as flavonoids, iridoid glycosides, gardenia’s yellow pigment, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, organic acids and their derivatives, along with other compounds. These components are crucial to the wide-ranging pharmacological applications, which encompass antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, cardiovascular disorders, neurodisorders, anti-tumor, treatment of liver injury, anti-hepatic injury, gastrocellular activity, improvement of gut mic...