Global epidemiological trends and burden of cervical and subcervical spinal cord injuries, 1990–2021: a multidimensional analysis using global burden of disease data

作者：Wei Liu, Azhati Samuhaer, Kunpeng Lin, Man Li, Chunyu Zang, Hongwei Liu, Haixiu Fan, Ke Shi, Donghai Li · 发表于：Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1186/s13018-025-05985-9 · 被引用次数：8 · 研究领域：Spinal Cord Injury Research、Cervical and Thoracic Myelopathy、Nerve Injury and Rehabilitation

BACKGROUND: Cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) and subcervical spinal cord injury (SSCI) cause substantial motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction, with traumatic and non-traumatic etiologies. CSCI (C1-C8) and SSCI (T1-L1) impose severe individual and societal burdens. This study assessed global trends in SCI incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) from 1990 to 2021. METHODS: Data were drawn from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study. CSCI and SSCI cases were stratified by age, sex, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Age-standardized rates (ASR) and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were calculated. Future trends (2022-2050) were projected using ARIMA modeling. RESULTS: Our analysis revealed clear age-related patterns in SCI burden. Both CSCI and SSCI incidence, prevalence, and YLDs increased with advancing age, with CSCI predominantly affecting middle-aged adults and SSCI rising significantly among the elderly. Males consistently showed higher rates of CSCI and SSCI across both injury types, and significant sex-based differences were observed in YLDs. High-SDI regions experienced gradual decreases in ASR for CSCI, while low-SDI regions exhibited rapid increases in YLDs associated with CSCI, indicating a disparity in healthcare resource allocation. The growth rate of CSCI and SSCI burden was notably higher in low and middle-SDI countries, particularly for SSCI. CONCLUSION: Although the overall burden of CSCI and SSCI is stabilizing or ...