Locking-chain electrolyte additive enabling moisture-tolerant electrolytes for sodium-ion batteries

作者：Wenbin Li, Yijie Duan, Shaohua Ge, Wenbo Wu, Keming Song, Jiyu Zhang, Guochuan Tang, Lingfei Zhao, Pengfei Yan, Enhui Wang, Zhiguo Zhang, Yuliang Cao, Yong Yang, Weihua Chen · 发表于：Nature Communications · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1038/s41467-025-61603-6 · 被引用次数：18 · 研究领域：Advancements in Battery Materials、Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies、Advanced Battery Technologies Research

The unstable electrolyte–electrode interface and the trace H2O in commercial organic electrolytes critically limit the cycling life of batteries. Herein, a locking-chain sodium 4,4′-(1,4-phenylenebis(oxy))-bis(butane-1-sulfonate)−15-crown-5 (15PBS) is designed for phase-to-interface electrolyte optimization. In the electrolyte phase, the strong hydrophilic sulfonate groups and 15-crown-5 in 15PBS effectively transform H2O from a reactive aggregated state (strong H-bond) into an inactive state (weak H-bond) through adsorption, effectively suppressing H2O-induced electrolyte decomposition. At the electrolyte–electrode interface, 15PBS preferentially adsorbed onto hard carbon, displacing solvents within the electric double layer to form insoluble phenyl-rich sulfide solid electrolyte interphase with fast Na+ transport. Simultaneously, 15PBS facilitates the formation of stable cathode-electrolyte interphase on Na0.72Ni0.32Mn0.68O2, improving Na+ migration kinetics and cycling reversibility. The hard carbon | |Na0.72Ni0.32Mn0.68O2 full cell with high specific energy of 191.7 Wh kg−1 (based on the total active-material mass) delivers long lifespan of 2000 cycles at 500 mA g−1. Moreover, 15PBS is compatible with ester-based electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries, enabling stable cycling of commercial graphite and Si/C negative electrodes. This work provides an effective approach for durable electrolytes towards safe and high-performance batteries. The unstable electrolyte–electrode i...