From First Frost to Last Snow: Tracking the Microclimate Evolution of Greenhouses Across North China’s Winter Spectrum

作者：Hongrun Liu, He Zhao, Yanan Tian, Song Liu, Wei Li, Yanfang Wang, Dan Sun, Tianqun Wang, Ning Zhu, Tao Yuan, Xihong Lei · 发表于：Agronomy · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3390/agronomy15071663 · 被引用次数：3 · 研究领域：Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control、Urban Heat Island Mitigation、Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics

Global climate change has intensified the challenges of low-temperature, low-light, and high-humidity microclimates in North China’s greenhouses during winter, exposing the limitations of traditional controlled-environment agriculture (CEA) facilities. This study monitored air temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity in three greenhouse types—an externally insulated plastic greenhouse, soft-shell solar greenhouse, and brick-walled solar greenhouse—across three overwintering periods (pre-, mid-, post-) using high-precision sensors (monitoring period is from 1 October 2024 to 31 March 2025). A Comprehensive Evaluation Index (CEI) based on the entropy method was developed, integrating seven indicators (daily average temperature, temperature range, hours below 5 °C, average humidity, hours above 80% humidity, average light intensity, and light utilization efficiency) to systematically evaluate greenhouse microclimate regulation performance. Results showed that the brick-walled solar greenhouse exhibited superior thermal insulation, with nearly zero hours below 5 °C during mid-overwintering, while the soft-shell solar greenhouse achieved the highest light utilization efficiency (75.1–79.6%). The externally insulated plastic greenhouse exhibited the highest relative humidity (>80% for 13–19 h/day) but a poor thermal insulation performance. The CEI ranked the brick-walled solar greenhouse (0.86) and the soft-shell solar greenhouse (0.84) significantly higher than the e...