The Dynamics and Chemistry of the Summer Stratosphere (DCOTSS) Project

作者：Kenneth P. Bowman, Frank N. Keutsch, Cameron R. Homeyer, D. S. Sayres, J. B. Smith, David M. Wilmouth, James G. Anderson, E. Atlas, Eric C. Apel, Kristopher M. Bedka, T. P. Bui, Daniel J. Cziczo, Bruce C. Daube, Erin R. Delaria, J. A. Dykema, T. F. Hanisco, Reem A. Hannun, Brad Hall, Eric J. Hintsa, Laila V. Howar, D. F. Hurst, Justin Jacquot, Alexander Laskin, Yaowei Li, Chuntao Liu, F. L. Moore, Gretchen L. Mullendore, Paul A. Newman, Amit Kumar Pandit, Anita D. Rapp, R. J. Salawitch, Xiaoli Shen, Jason M. St. Clair, Rei Ueyama, Jean‐Paul Vernier, Steven C. Wofsy · 发表于：Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1175/bams-d-24-0177.1 · 被引用次数：3 · 研究领域：Atmospheric Ozone and Climate、Astro and Planetary Science、Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols

Abstract Overshooting storms are convective systems with updrafts that penetrate through the tropopause into the overlying stratosphere. These storms can rapidly transport a wide variety of chemical species and aerosols from the boundary layer and free troposphere directly to the stratosphere. The central plains of the United States and the Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico are two of the global hotspots for overshooting convection. While the existence of these storms has been known for several decades, the amount of tropospheric air, including water vapor, trace gases, and aerosols, transported across the tropopause is poorly understood, as is their impact on the dynamics, chemistry, and radiative balance of the stratosphere. Climate models suggest that as Earth’s climate continues to warm, overshooting convection over the United States may increase, potentially causing changes to stratospheric composition and transport. To address these scientific questions, the NASA ER-2 high-altitude research aircraft flew 31 missions during the summers of 2021 and 2022 to make observations of the outflow from overshooting storms in the stratosphere over North America and the eastern Pacific Ocean as part of the Dynamics and Chemistry of the Summer Stratosphere (DCOTSS) project. The ER-2 carried a payload of 12 instruments to measure meteorological parameters, water and its isotopologues, trace gases, and aerosol properties. Ozone, water vapor, and aerosol sondes were also launched on bal...