Antiviral Monocytes Increase Prior to Detectable HIV-1 Rebound Viremia

作者：Anna Farrell-Sherman, Natalia de la Force, Cecilia A. Prator, Renan Valieris, Walker Azam, Israel Tojal da Silva, Steven G. Deeks, Cassandra Thanh, Ronald J. Bosch, Timothy J. Henrich, Lillian B. Cohn · 发表于：The Journal of Infectious Diseases · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1093/infdis/jiaf367 · 被引用次数：4 · 研究领域：HIV Research and Treatment、HIV-related health complications and treatments、HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions

The persistence of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) proviruses in latently infected cells allows viremia to resume upon treatment cessation. To characterize the resulting immune response, we compared plasma proteomics and single-cell transcriptomics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells before, during, and after detectable plasma viremia. We observed unique transcriptional signatures prior to viral rebound, including a significant increase in CD16++ monocytes with increased antiviral gene expression. Inflammatory proteins were identified in plasma after detectable rebound. Identifying early signals of imminent viral rebound after treatment cessation will aid in the development of strategies to prolong time to viral rebound and cure HIV-1.