A smart IoT-based hydroponics system for small-scale household in Bangladesh

作者：Mohammad Abdul Awal, Aditi Saha Pio, Mushfaka Jannat Mim, Pronab Kumar Paul Partha, Mohammad Kafi, Shareen Farha · 发表于：Smart Agricultural Technology · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.atech.2025.101163 · 被引用次数：13 · 研究领域：Water Quality Monitoring Technologies、Innovations in Aquaponics and Hydroponics Systems

In Bangladesh, intensified growth in populations, diminishing arable area, and traditional farming strategies have stunted soil fertility and crop yield. Hydroponic systems become more preferred as a viable alternative for beneficial production of agriculture. Precise environmental monitoring is essential for maximizing yields; yet, existing data collection techniques are laborious and time-consuming. Real-time monitoring of essential factors in hydroponic systems may successfully mitigate these substantial obstacles to improving crop performance. This study developed an IoT-based automated monitoring and control system for the continuous measurement of important hydroponic parameters, including pH, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), and electrical conductivity (EC) and conducted it with the spinach ( Spinacia oleracea ) plant for field tests. The system incorporated sensors with a microcontroller and relied on Wi-Fi connection for real-time data processing through a developed mobile application. Performance testing showed good precision, with percentages of errors of 0.001 % (pH), 0.306 % (temperature), 0.062 % (TDS), and 0.002 % (EC) compared to the observed and measured data. The system automatically activated relays to regulate acid and nutrient control pumps when parameters fell below thresholds, notifying users through the mobile app for prompt intervention. After implementing this system for spinach cultivation, ideal conditions were maintained consistently, re...