Recent research progress of photoacoustic endoscopy in the digestive system

作者：Kai Zhang, Nan Ge, Lufan Shen, Fei Yang, Jianjun Qiu, Jintao Guo, Kaixuan Wang, Sheng Wang, Fan Yang, Shiyun Sheng, Tianan Jiang, Zhendong Jin, Siyu Sun · 发表于：Endoscopic Ultrasound · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1097/eus.0000000000000127 · 被引用次数：2 · 研究领域：Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging、Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques、Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications

Introduction Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) was developed in the 1990s, based on Alexander Graham Bell’s discovery of the photoacoustic effect.[1] The principles of PAI state that tissues exposed to brief light pulses absorb and transform energy into heat, increasing the local temperature and leading to thermal expansion and generation of ultrasonic waves. Such ultrasonic waves (i.e., photoacoustic signals) are detected using ultrasonic detectors positioned outside the tissue, with the creation of a corresponding photoacoustic image.[1] The benefits of PAI include high spatial resolution, strong image contrast, and deep imaging depth.[2] PAI can obtain information on hemoglobin, lymphatics, lipid composition, and blood oxygen metabolism.[3–7] Thus, its use has significantly improved the sensitivity and specificity of cancer diagnosis.[8–10] Recently, significant advancements have been made in photoacoustic tomography (PAT), which uses the photoacoustic effect to generate 3-dimensional (3D) and cross-sectional images.[11,12] In addition to being speckle-free,[13] PAT obtains deep, high spatial resolution images by detecting ultrasonic waves, as ultrasonic scattering is approximately 2 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than optical scattering,[12,14,15] and acoustic diffraction is 2 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than the radiofrequency equivalent. PAT comprises 3 main imaging modalities: photoacoustic endoscopy (PAE), photoacoustic computed tomography,[16,17] and photoacoustic micro...