Xiaoji decoction induces apoptosis in lung cancer cells and M1 Macrophage polarization via the JAK1/STAT3/PD-L1 pathway

作者：Chunxia He, Yanjing Lu, Tong Wang, Bowen Zhang, Zuqing Su, Lipeng Tang, Lan-Ting Tao, Guangjuan Zheng, Liuning Li, Bin Feng, Ying Zhu · 发表于：Journal of Ethnopharmacology · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.jep.2025.120240 · 被引用次数：4 · 研究领域：Immune cells in cancer、Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions、Andrographolide Research and Applications

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Xiaoji Decoction (XJD), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, has been used for decades to effectively treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), improving patients' quality of life and prolonging overall survival. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the effectiveness of XJD on NSCLC remain largely unexplored. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of XJD in NSCLC and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vitro experiments were conducted by treating A549 cells with XJD at concentrations of 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/mL, and H1975 cells with XJD at concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/mL. Ruxolitinib was used at a concentration of 10 μM. MTT assays were used to evaluate cell viability, and EdU assays were employed to measure cell proliferation. Apoptosis and cell cycle progression were analyzed by flow cytometry in vitro. The JAK1, p-STAT3, STAT3, PD-L1, BAX, Bcl-2, Cleaved Caspase-9, and Cleaved Caspase-3 were examined through Western blot analysis. In vivo experiments involved allocating mice into six groups (n = 5), including a saline control group, XJD treatment group (13.4 g/kg/day by gavage), αPD-L1 group (200 mg/mouse), Ruxolitinib group (10 mg/kg/day by gavage), XJD + Ruxolitinib group, and XJD + αPD-L1 group. Animal weight and tumor size were recorded daily for two weeks, and on day 18, the animals were sacrificed for tumor and spleen analysi...