Quantum Mpemba effects from symmetry perspectives

作者：Huijun Yu, Shuo Liu, Shi‐Xin Zhang · 发表于：AAPPS bulletin · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1007/s43673-025-00157-7 · 被引用次数：24 · 研究领域：Quantum many-body systems、Algebraic structures and combinatorial models、Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture

Abstract Non-equilibrium dynamics have become a central research focus, exemplified by the counterintuitive Mpemba effect where initially hotter systems can cool faster than colder ones. Studied extensively in both classical and quantum regimes, this phenomenon reveals diverse and complex behaviors across different systems. This review provides a concise overview of the quantum Mpemba effect (QME), specifically emphasizing its connection to symmetry breaking and restoration in closed quantum many-body systems. We begin by outlining the classical Mpemba effect and its quantum counterparts, summarizing key findings. Subsequently, we introduce entanglement asymmetry and charge variance as key metrics for probing the QME from symmetry perspectives. Leveraging these tools, we analyze the early- and late-time dynamics of these quantities under Hamiltonian evolution and random unitary circuits. We conclude by discussing significant challenges and promising avenues for future research.