The Evolution, Immunopathogenesis and Biomarkers of Type 2 Inflammation in Common Allergic Disorders

作者：Yadong Gao, Zijun Wang, İsmail Öğülür, Shengjie Li, Duygu Yazıcı, Xue‐hui Li, Yağız Pat, Yang Zheng, Huseyn Babayev, Can Zeyneloglu, Yiran Li, Sena Ardıçlı, W. Tian, Özge Ardıçlı, S.-J. Chen, Xiangting Bu, Gan Lu, Li‐hong Chang, Ying He, Emma Guttman‐Yassky, Beatriz Cabanillas, Cevdet Özdemir, Ayça Kıykım, Mohamed H. Shamji, Kari C. Nadeau, Marı́a José Torres, Mübeccel Akdiş, Cezmi A. Akdiş · 发表于：Allergy · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1111/all.16620 · 被引用次数：40 · 研究领域：IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways、Asthma and respiratory diseases、Immune Cell Function and Interaction

The prevalence of allergic diseases, including allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, asthma, eosinophilic esophagitis, food and drug allergies, and atopic dermatitis, has been increasing globally over the past few decades. Allergic diseases are closely linked to type 2 immunity, which is characterized by the coordinated interplay between innate and adaptive immune responses. Significant advancements have been achieved in elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern type 2 immunity, chiefly mediated by type 2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13, which are primarily secreted by T helper 2 cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells. In addition, a diverse array of effector cells, including mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, regulatory T cells, B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells, are critically involved in orchestrating and modulating type 2 inflammatory responses. The activation of epithelial cells, secretion of alarmins and multiple chemokines, impairment of epithelial barrier integrity, and disruption of microbial dysbiosis serve as crucial mechanisms underlying not only the pathogenesis of allergic disorders but also the development of various systemic conditions. Biologic therapies targeting type 2 pathways-specifically effector functions of IL-4, IL-13, IL-5, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and immunoglobulin E have-demonstrated promising efficacy. However, a subset of patients with severe allergic diseases remains unresp...