H5N1 virus invades the mammary glands of dairy cattle through ‘mouth-to-teat’ transmission

作者：Jianzhong Shi, Huihui Kong, Pengfei Cui, Guohua Deng, Xianying Zeng, Yongping Jiang, Xijun He, Xianfeng Zhang, Lei Chen, Yichao Zhuang, Yan Wang, Jinming Ma, Jiaqi Li, Yaping Zhang, Congcong Wang, Chen He, Jiaxin Yang, Jiongjie Li, Wenyu Liu, Jinyu Yang, Shenggang Mao, Jinxiong Liu, Pucheng Chen, Guobin Tian, Chengjun Li, Yuntao Guan, Zhigao Bu, Hualan Chen · 发表于：National Science Review · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1093/nsr/nwaf262 · 被引用次数：24 · 研究领域：Respiratory viral infections research、Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology、Influenza Virus Research Studies

H5N1 influenza outbreaks have been reported on more than 1070 dairy farms across 17 states in the USA. Damage to the mammary gland and high levels of virus in milk were common features of the infected cattle, but it is unclear how the virus initially invades the mammary glands, and no control strategy is currently available. Here, we found that cattle oral tissues support H5N1 virus binding and replication, and virus replicating in the mouth of cattle transmitted to the mammary glands of dairy cattle during sucking. We also found that an H5 inactivated vaccine or a hemagglutinin-based DNA vaccine induced sterilizing immunity in cows against challenges with different H5N1 viruses. Our study provides insights into H5N1 virus transmission and control in cattle.