Sex differences in the association of physical activity patterns with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a prospective cohort study from NHANES 2007–2018

作者：Ailing He, Yunkai Wang, Chaopin Du, Yu Wang, J. F. Wu, Dapeng Kuang, Yajun Zhao, Zhihui Li, Hanbin Cui, Guannan Bai, Wenbin Jiang, Lin Zhang · 发表于：Scientific Reports · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1038/s41598-025-06056-z · 被引用次数：5 · 研究领域：Physical Activity and Health、Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet、Health and Lifestyle Studies

Physical activity is widely promoted to reduce mortality risks from all-cause and cardiovascular diseases, yet current guidelines rarely address sex-specific differences or distinguish between occupational (OPA) and non-occupational PA (Non-OPA). This study leverages NHANES 2007-2018 data to evaluate sex differences in mortality benefits from OPA and Non-OPA, with a specific focus on implications for women's health. Participants were categorized into three activity levels: below (< 150 min/week), at (150-300 min/week), and above (> 300 min/week) the recommended guidelines. Multivariable Cox models yielded sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs), with nonlinear dose-response relationships explored through subgroup analyses by age and BMI. Our results reveal that females derive greater survival benefits than males at equivalent PA levels, particularly from Non-OPA, which supporting the "physical activity paradox". For instance, Non-OPA showed stronger protective effects, with females achieving significant risk reductions at lower activity volumes than males. Notably, older adults (≥ 65 years) and individuals with obesity experienced enhanced benefits from Non-OPA. These findings underscore the need for sex-specific PA guidelines and highlight the importance of promoting Non-OPA to maximize health benefits across diverse populations, with specific implications for women's health.