Hamstring muscle architecture and microstructure changes following Nordic hamstring exercise training and detraining

作者：Anoosha Pai S, Max H. Andrews, Reed D. Gurchiek, Patricio A. Pincheira, Marco Barbieri, Tyler J. Friedrich, Feliks Kogan, Garry E. Gold, Valentina Mazzoli, Glen A. Lichtwark, Scott L. Delp, Akshay Chaudhari · 发表于：Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101070 · 被引用次数：6 · 研究领域：Sports injuries and prevention、Sports Performance and Training、Cardiovascular and exercise physiology

BACKGROUND: While Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) training has been shown to reduce hamstring strains, the muscle-specific adaptations to NHE across the 4 hamstrings remain unclear. This study investigates architectural and microstructural adaptations of the biceps femoris short head (BFsh), biceps femoris long head (BFlh), semitendinosus (ST), and semimembranosus (SM) in response to an NHE intervention. METHODS: Eleven subjects completed 9 weeks of supervised NHE training followed by 3 weeks of detraining. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at pre-training, post-training, and detraining to assess architectural (volume, fiber tract length, and fiber tract angle) and microstructural (axial (AD), mean (MD), radial (RD) diffusivities, and fractional anisotropy (FA)) parameters of the 4 hamstrings. RESULTS: NHE training induced significant but non-uniform hamstring muscle hypertrophy (BFsh: 22%, BFlh: 9%, ST: 26%, SM: 6%) and fiber tract length increase (BFsh: 11%, BFlh: 7%, ST: 18%, SM: 10%). AD (5%), MD (4%), and RD (5%) showed significant increases, but fiber tract angle and FA remained unchanged. After detraining, only ST showed a significant reduction (8%) in volume, which remained higher than the pre-training value. While fiber tract lengths returned to baseline, AD, MD, and RD remained higher than pre-training levels for all hamstrings. CONCLUSION: The 9-week NHE training substantially increased hamstring muscle volume with greater hypertrophy in ST and BFsh. Hypertr...