Bio-inspired controllable adhesion for robotics: mechanisms, design, and future directions

作者：Tianhui Sun, Yunxiao Liu, Yu Tian · 发表于：Robotica · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1017/s0263574725101793 · 被引用次数：4 · 研究领域：Adhesion, Friction, and Surface Interactions、Polymer Surface Interaction Studies、Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity

Abstract Interfacial interactions, including adhesion and friction, directly affect the ability of the robot system to interact with the external environment, such as the realization of operation and motion functions. Bionics provides guidance for the active control of interface forces. Creatures such as geckos, tree frogs, octopuses, and beetles have developed delicate topological structures and smart control strategies during long-term evolution, facilitating their ability to adhere to, manipulate, capture, and traverse various surfaces across diverse environments. Inspired by the advantages of high strength, adaptability, controllability, durability, and no residue, biomimetic controllable adhesion structures, materials, and systems have been developed, showing a wide range of potential applications in reversible attachment, flexible locomotion, and dexterous grasping. In this paper, the mechanisms and theoretical models of various biological reversible adhesion systems in nature are summarized. Then the design criteria, optimization method, and preparation technology of the artificial adhesion structures based on van der Waals interaction, capillary force, negative pressure, and mechanical interlocking mechanisms are reviewed. In particular, the adhesion/load ratio and the switch ratio of adhesive materials and structures are highlighted to evaluate the adhesion ability and controllability of various designs. The applications of biomimetic controllable adhesion structures...