Goat Milk‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Hydrogen Peroxide‐Treated Cell Damage in Human Skin Fibroblasts

作者：Chunping Chen, Y.W. Zhang, Peiran Li, Wenxu Zhou, Mo Chen, Baolong Liu, Caian He, Lin Han, Min Wang · 发表于：Food Frontiers · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1002/fft2.70061 · 被引用次数：6 · 研究领域：Skin Protection and Aging、Extracellular vesicles in disease、Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics

ABSTRACT Oxidative damage drives skin aging, yet the poor skin permeability of antioxidants often limits their efficacy. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have lipid bilayer structure and nanoscale size, emerge as promising intercellular communication mediators. Milk‐derived EVs offer distinct advantages over plant or animal sources, including high yield and minimal preprocessing requirements. Despite goat milk is widely utilized in whitening and anti‐aging cosmetics, the anti‐aging mechanisms of goat milk‐derived EVs (GMEVs) remain underexplored. This study investigates GMEVs’ protective effects against oxidative stress in human skin fibroblasts cells (HSFs cells). Isolated through ultracentrifugation and sucrose density gradients, GMEVs‐1 (174.3 ± 1 nm) and GMEVs‐2 (213.8 ± 3 nm) were characterized by transmission electron microscope, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and proteomic analysis (identifying 2301 proteins, 58 proteins were unique to GMEVs‐1, and 144 proteins were unique to GMEVs‐2). Confocal imaging confirmed DiO‐labeled GMEVs internalization in HSFs cells, which reduced H 2 O 2 ‐induced β‐galactosidase activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels while enhancing migration rates ( p < 0.05). Mechanistically, GMEVs‐1 and GMEVs‐2 attenuated hypertrophic scarring through TGF‐β1/SMAD pathway influence collagen I synthesis ( p < 0.05), MMP‐1/MMP‐3 inhibition with TIMP‐1 upregulation ( p < 0.05), and suppression of caspase‐dependent apoptosis, as verified by mu...