Modeling of crossed-beam energy transfer in inertial confinement fusion: Numerical simulation and theoretical analysis

作者：Xiaobao Jia, Qing Jia, Jianyuan Xiao, Jian Zheng · 发表于：Physics of Plasmas · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1063/5.0273367 · 被引用次数：2 · 研究领域：Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics、Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications、Laser Design and Applications

Modeling crossed-beam energy transfer (CBET) in laser inertial confinement fusion (ICF) encounters challenges regarding balancing the modeling fidelity and computational efficiency, especially in the high-refraction region. The ray-based models require empirical limiters to compensate for the unresolved field and face high computational costs in the high-refraction regions; the wave-based models avoid empirical factors but are computationally prohibitive for large-scale simulations. To address these limitations, in this work, we model CBET within the wave-based framework, reformulating the coupled equations of CBET to reveal that they constitute a Hamiltonian system, which enables a fully explicit symplectic algorithm to improve computational efficiency. The reliability of the developed BEAM code is confirmed by the validation against particle-in-cell simulations, including the CBET and short-pulse amplification cases. Furthermore, we derive a CBET gain formula based on the Hamiltonian and verify its robustness and applicability by numerical simulations. This formula can serve as a calibration tool for ray-based models and for estimating CBET gain in inertial confinement fusion experiments.