The diagnostic and prognostic role of novel biomarkers in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis

作者：Ruohan Yu, Lína Zhang, Jing Zhang, Ting Long, Ji Li, Yadan Zou, Shangxi Wang, Shengguang Li · 发表于：Frontiers in Immunology · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3389/fimmu.2025.1588287 · 被引用次数：6 · 研究领域：Vasculitis and related conditions、Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis、Inflammation biomarkers and pathways

Background ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a group of autoimmune diseases characterized by small vessel inflammation, diagnosed primarily through clinical features, histopathology, and ANCA testing. Novel biomarkers derived from routine blood counts, such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), may support disease assessment. This study evaluated their utility in distinguishing AAV patients, reflecting disease activity, and predicting prognosis. Methods In this retrospective case-control study, 65 AAV patients and 65 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. AAV diagnosis adhered to the 2012 Chapel Hill Consensus and the American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria. NLR, PLR, MLR, SII, and SIRI were calculated from complete blood counts. Disease activity (Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score, BVAS), extent (Disease Extent Index, DEI), damage (Vasculitis Damage Index, VDI), and prognosis (Five-Factor Score, FFS 2009) were assessed. Statistical analyses included Mann-Whitney U tests, Spearman correlations, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to evaluate discriminatory and predictive capacities. Results AAV patients exhibited significantly higher NLR (6.94 ± 0.76 vs. 1.88 ± 0.08), PLR (242.44 ± 23.09 vs. 125.97 ± 4.34), MLR (0.44 ± 0.03 vs. 0.20 ± 0.01), SII (1813.71 ± 221.85 vs. 446.62...