Air toxins disorder the NF-kB Pathway leads to immune disorders and immune diseases in the human health

作者：Cui Cui, Rui Yang, H Chen, Danyang Li, Xiaodi Sun, Yutao Wang, Qi Pan · 发表于：Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118474 · 被引用次数：19 · 研究领域：Air Quality and Health Impacts、Climate Change and Health Impacts、Energy and Environment Impacts

Air pollution poses a significant global health threat, largely due to its role in triggering chronic inflammation through molecular pathways. Among these, The NF-κB signaling cascade, comprising nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer elements in B lymphocytes, serves as a pivotal regulator in orchestrating innate defense mechanisms against anthropogenic contaminants through transcriptional activation processes.This review explores how air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM2.5), heavy metals, NF-κB signaling is activated by exposure to diesel exhaust, triggering the expression of inflammatory mediators including cytokines and chemokines with pro-inflammatory properties.The activation of this pathway involves upstream stimuli including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), Modified sentence：These processes serve to amplify pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. Prolonged activation of the NF-κB pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary disorders.cardiovascular conditions, and immune dysfunction. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for identifying therapeutic targets and designing effective interventions. Strategies including the use of NF-κB inhibitors and public health regulations to reduce exposure are discussed as avenues for mitigating pollutant-induced inflammation and associated diseases.