Burden of chronic respiratory diseases and their attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2021: Results from the global burden of disease study 2021

作者：Zhong Cao, He Liu, Yuheng Luo, Xunliang Tong, Jingxia Zhao, Ke Huang, Qiushi Chen, Lirui Jiao, Yuhao Liu, Pascal Geldsetzer, Ting Yang, Chen Wang, Till Bärnighausen, Simiao Chen · 发表于：Chinese Medical Journal - Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.pccm.2025.05.005 · 被引用次数：31 · 研究领域：Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research、Air Quality and Health Impacts、Pediatric health and respiratory diseases

Background: Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) remain a substantial global public health challenge, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize trends in CRD burden across various populations by examining differences by sex, age, and sociodemographic index (SDI). Methods: We performed a systematic analysis using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, covering the period from 1990 to 2021 across 204 countries and territories. Estimates of age-standardized prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), incidence, and annualized percentage changes for both 1990-2021 and 2019-2021 were calculated. Geographic and demographic variations were evaluated by age, sex, and SDI. The contributions of key risk factors-including tobacco use, ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution, household air pollution from solid fuels, and occupational exposure to PM, gases, and fumes-were also assessed. Results: In 2021, an estimated 468.3 million individuals globally were living with CRDs, with an age-standardized prevalence rate of 5785.4 per 100,000 population. CRDs accounted for 4.4 million deaths with age-standardized mortality rate of 53.6 per 100,000 population and 108.5 million DALYs with age-standardized DALY rate of 1294.6 per 100,000 population in the same year. Age-standardized prevalence rate decreased by 1.01 % from 1990 to 2021 but increased by 0.20 % from 2019 to 2021. From 2019 to...