Association between cardiorespiratory fitness and pediatric primary hypertension: a case–control study in China

作者：Tingjuan Lin, Wenqing Jiang, Yao Lin, Mingming Zhang, Tong Zheng, He Jiang, Baosheng Liang, Yan Liu, Yu Chen, Qin Zhang, Lin Shi · 发表于：Journal of Hypertension · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1097/hjh.0000000000004036 · 被引用次数：1 · 研究领域：Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet、Cardiovascular and exercise physiology、Sodium Intake and Health

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and the risk of primary hypertension in children and adolescents, and to explore the relationship between CRF and hemodynamic parameters. METHODS: In this single-center case-control study, 972 participants aged 10-17 years (352 hypertension cases, 620 controls) were included. CRF was quantified as peak oxygen uptake (VO 2peak ) using a validated equation derived from treadmill tests. Logistic regression models, restricted cubic splines, and subgroup analyses were employed to assess CRF-hypertension associations, adjusted for age, sex, height, and overweight/obesity. Multivariate linear regression evaluated correlations between CRF and blood pressure or heart rate parameters. RESULTS: After adjustment, each 5 ml/kg/min increment in CRF was associated with a 30% reduction in hypertension risk [odds ratio (OR) 0.70, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.63-0.78, P < 0.001]. Participants with CRF less than 44.7 ml/kg/min exhibited a 3.35-fold higher hypertension risk than those with CRF at least 44.7 ml/kg/min (OR 3.35, 95% CI 2.21-5.16, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses confirmed consistency across age, sex, height, and BMI status ( P for interaction > 0.05). Notably, overweight/obese individuals showed a 35% risk reduction per 5 ml/kg/min CRF improvement (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.57-0.74). CRF was inversely correlated with systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure, resting and peak...