Engineering microalgae-based biohybrid robots for biomedical applications

作者：Yanan Che, Xin Song, Li Zhang · 发表于：Cell Biomaterials · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.celbio.2025.100103 · 被引用次数：13 · 研究领域：Micro and Nano Robotics、Algal biology and biofuel production、3D Printing in Biomedical Research

Microalgae are unicellular microorganisms with rapid growth, versatile surface chemistry, and unique cellular structures, making them highly suitable for large-scale production and functionalization. These distinct properties make microalgae attractive candidates as natural components for designing biohybrid microrobotic systems. This review summarizes recent advancements made in microalgae-based hybrid robots. First, we introduce the natural properties of microalgae, including their cellular structures, bioactive compound production, photosynthetic oxygen generation, light-responsive behaviors such as phototaxis and light-induced deformation, and biocompatibility. Then, we discuss their actuation and enhanced performance for adaptability in biomedical applications via engineering. Finally, we focus on their biomedical applications while highlighting future opportunities and challenges that must be addressed for successful clinical translation.