Exposure to Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardants and Plasticizers during Pregnancy and Autism-Related Outcomes in the ECHO Cohort

作者：Jennifer Ames, Assiamira M. Ferrara, Juanran Feng, Stacey Alexeeff, Lyndsay Ammon Avalos, Emily S. Barrett, Theresa M. Bastain, Deborah H. Bennett, Jessie Poulin Buckley, Courtney C. Carignan, Patricia Cintora, Akhgar Ghassabian, Monique M. Hedderson, Ixel Hernandez‐Castro, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Margaret Rita Karagas, Catherine J. Karr, Jordan R. Kuiper, Donghai Liang, Kristen Lyall, Cindy T. McEvoy, Rachel A. Morello-Frosch, Thomas G. O’Connor, Jiwon Oh, Alicia K. Peterson, Lesliam Quirós-Alcalá, Sheela Sathyanarayana, Susan L. Schantz, Rebecca J. Schmidt, Anne P. Starling, Tracey J. Woodruff, Heather E. Volk, Yeyi Zhu, Lisa Croen, ECHO Cohort Consortium · 发表于：Environmental Health Perspectives · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1021/ehp.6c00247 · 被引用次数：7 · 研究领域：Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact、Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity、Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals

BACKGROUND: Organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers (OPEs) have myriad uses in industry and consumer products. Increasing human exposure to OPEs has raised concerns about their potential effects on child neurodevelopment during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether OPE urinary concentrations during pregnancy were associated with child autism-related outcomes. METHODS: We included 4159 mother-child pairs from 15 cohorts in the NIH Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Consortium, with children born from 2006-2020 (median age [interquartile range]: 6 [4,10] years). Nine OPE biomarkers were measured in urine samples collected mid- to late pregnancy. Dilution-adjusted biomarkers were modeled continuously, categorically (high [> median], moderate [≤ median], non-detect), or as detect/non-detect depending on their detection frequency. We assessed child autism-related traits via a) parent report on the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and b) clinical autism diagnosis. We examined associations of OPEs with child outcomes, including modification by child sex, using generalized estimating equations to account for clustering by ECHO cohort. RESULTS: Compared with non-detectable concentrations, high exposure to bis(butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP) was associated with higher autistic trait scores (adj-β 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42, 1.52) and greater odds of autism diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [adj-OR]: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.50). Bis...