Advancements in understanding emission characteristics, data-driven olfactory-chemical measurements, and health impacts of the emerging odor pollution

作者：Xinyuan Xu, Haixin Gu, Zihao Zhang, Yantong Liu, Lingling Zhang, Junfeng Wang, Mindong Chen, Yu Huang, Junji Cao, Shun-cheng Lee, Haiwei Li, Xinlei Ge · 发表于：Environment International · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.envint.2025.109596 · 被引用次数：5 · 研究领域：Odor and Emission Control Technologies、Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies、Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting

Odor pollution presents a multi-scale challenge to global environmental governance, with significant gaps in measurement reliability, temporal mismatches between emission patterns and regulatory standards, and acknowledgment of the undervaluation of its associated health risks. Analytical data reveal that odor concentrations vary over three to four orders of magnitude across different emission sources. These discrepancies are exacerbated by inconsistencies in measurement protocols, which hinder the establishment of standardized regulatory benchmarks. At present, there are inherent uncertainties in human olfactory thresholds and variability in sensor responses. To address this, recent field studies in hybrid monitoring methodologies, integrating human sensory evaluation with instrumental analysis, have improved predictive accuracy by 30–50 %. Notably, municipal waste disposal facilities are identified as primary contributors to odor emissions, often exhibiting pronounced diurnal peaks. Monitoring data show that 65–80 % of landfills exceed permissible odor thresholds, correlating with odor complaints representing ∼30 % of urban environmental grievances. Health risk assessments further indicate that 15–25 % of industrial odor sources emit carcinogenic compounds exceeding the acceptable risk threshold (e.g., a lifetime cancer risk of 1 × 10 −6 ), equating to at least one case per million exposed individuals. Despite this, fewer than 10 % of regulatory frameworks explicitly priori...