Sustained excess all-cause mortality post COVID-19 in 21 countries: an ecological investigation
作者：Chryso Th. Pallari, Souzana Achilleos, Annalisa Quattrocchi, Mohammad Reza Rahmanian Haghighi, Minh Q. Phan, Andreas Artemiou, Catherine Bennett, Joseph Cuthbertson, Claudia Zimmermann, Eva Schernhammer, Catharina Vernemmen, Serge Nganda Mekogo, Jackeline Christiane Pinto Lobato, Laylla Macedo, María Athanasiadou, Laust Hvas Mortensen, Julia Critchley, Lucy Goldsmith, Gleb Denissov, Nolwenn Le Meur, Levan Kandelaki, Nino Chikhladze, Kostas Athanasakis, Binyamin Binyaminy, Tamar Maor, Enza Caruso, Giuseppe Ambrosio, Cyndy Martial, Marie Chan Sun, Terje P. Hagen, Manuel Barrón, Mario Chong, Błażej Łyszczarz, Ivan Eržen, José Antonio Cernuda Martínez, Pedro Arcos González, Bo Burström, Wenjing Tao, Qian Huang, Antonis Polemitis, Andreas Charalambous, Christiana A. Demetriou · 发表于：International Journal of Epidemiology · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1093/ije/dyaf075 · 被引用次数：9 · 研究领域：COVID-19 and healthcare impacts、COVID-19 epidemiological studies、COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
BACKGROUND: Despite widespread vaccination efforts, significant excess mortality continued in various countries following the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to estimate excess mortality during 2022 in 21 countries and regions, and to examine the relationship of governmental control measures and vaccination rates with excess mortality during 2021-2 at an ecological level. METHODS: Excess mortality for 2022 was estimated by analysing weekly mortality data from January 2020 to December 2022 across 21 countries and regions participating in the C-MOR consortium. This was achieved by comparing the observed age-standardized mortality rates per 100 000 population to a baseline derived from historical data (2015-19). Governmental control measures and vaccination efforts were investigated for their association with weekly excess mortality during 2021-2 in multilevel models with country as a random effect. RESULTS: All 21 countries experienced excess mortality in 2022, ranging from 8.6 (Peru) to 116.2 (Georgia) per 100 000 population, noting that rates were not directly comparable across countries. Many countries had higher excess mortality in 2022 compared with previous years. Mauritius showed a significant excess mortality for the first time in 2022. The proportion of COVID-19 deaths relative to total deaths decreased in 2022 for most countries, except Australia. Governmental control measures and vaccinations were associated with reduced excess mortality in 2021 and 2022, respecti...