A 3R (remove-remodel-repair)-integrated self-assembled Chlorella-gelatin-PEG hydrogel for diabetic wound healing

作者：Yulin Li, Ruiying He, Yu Huang, Tinglin Zhang, Lan Xiao, Yin Xiao, Haifeng Liu, He Bai, Shiyong Wu, Minghao Xue, Huifen Qiang, Yan Wu, Meng Li, Chuan Yin, Jie Gao · 发表于：Materials Today Bio · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101935 · 被引用次数：5 · 研究领域：Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications、Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications、Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications

: Diabetic wound healing remains a critical clinical challenge due to persistent bacterial infections, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation. Inspired by the principles of traditional Chinese medicine, we developed a multifunctional hydrogel (CPGel) via solvent-driven self-assembly of bioactive Chlorella extracts, gelatin, and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The CPGel synergizes the 3R strategy: (1) Remove—complete eradication of E. coli and S. aureus via intrinsic antibacterial activity; (2) Remodel—65% ROS scavenging and immunomodulation by polarizing macrophages from proinflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes to resolve chronic inflammation; and (3) Repair—accelerated tissue regeneration via 9-fold angiogenesis (α-SMA) and 2-fold collagen I deposition. Mechanically robust (compressive strength: 4.16 MPa; tensile strength: 627 kPa) and antifreezing (-100°C), CPGel demonstrated exceptional transparency and adhesion, ensuring seamless integration with wound sites. In diabetic mice, CPGel achieved 100% wound closure within 21 days, surpassing controls (73%), while promoting neovascularization and hair follicle regeneration. This study bridges traditional herbal medicine with advanced biomaterial engineering, offering a scalable, toxin-free platform that addresses the triad of diabetic wound pathogenesis. By harmonizing the 3R strategy-Remove, Remodel, and Repair-CPGel represents a paradigm shift in chronic wound management, with high potential for clinical translati...