Application of spatial and single-cell omics in tumor immunotherapy biomarkers

作者：Chuchu Zhang, Hao-ran Feng, Ji Zhu, Weifeng Hong · 发表于：LabMed discovery. · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.lmd.2025.100076 · 被引用次数：15 · 研究领域：Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics、CAR-T cell therapy research、Immune Cell Function and Interaction

Recent advances in spatial and single-cell omics have significantly revolutionized biomarker discovery in tumor immunotherapy by addressing critical challenges such as tumor heterogeneity, immune evasion, and variability within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Immunotherapeutic strategies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive T-cell transfer, have demonstrated promising clinical outcomes; however, their efficacy is limited by low response rates and the incidence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Therefore, the identification of reliable biomarkers is essential for predicting treatment efficacy, minimizing irAEs, and facilitating patient stratification. Spatial omics integrates molecular profiling with spatial localization, thereby providing comprehensive insights into the cellular organization and functional states within the TME. By elucidating the spatial patterns of immune cell infiltration and tumor heterogeneity, this approach enhances the prediction of therapeutic responses. Similarly, single-cell omics enables high-resolution analysis of cellular heterogeneity by capturing transcriptomic, epigenomic, and metabolic signatures at the single-cell level. The integrated application of spatial and single-cell omics has enabled the identification of previously undetected biomarkers, including rare immune cell subsets implicated in resistance mechanisms. In addition to spatial transcriptomics (ST), this technological landscape also includes spatial prot...