TFOS DEWS III: Digest

作者：Fiona Jane Stapleton, Pablo Argüeso, Penny A. Asbell, Dimitri T. Azar, Charles F. Bosworth, Wei Chen, Joseph B. Ciolino, Jennifer P. Craig, Juana Gallar, Anat Galor, José Álvaro Pereira Gomes, Isabelle Jalbert, Ying Jie, Lyndon Jones, Kenji Konomi, Yang Liu, Jesús Merayo-Llovés, Fabíola Reis de Oliveira, Victor L. Perez, Eduardo Melani Rocha, Benjamin David Sullivan, David A. Sullivan, Jelle Vehof, Susan Vitale, Mark Willcox, James S. Wolffsohn, Murat Doğru · 发表于：American Journal of Ophthalmology · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.ajo.2025.05.040 · 被引用次数：121 · 研究领域：Ocular Surface and Contact Lens、Corneal Surgery and Treatments、Connexins and lens biology

This digest summarizes the interdisciplinary research in dry eye disease (DED) published since the 2017 TFOS DEWS II reports. It comprises 7 topics including Sex, Gender, and Hormones; Epidemiology; Pathophysiology; Tear Film; Pain and Sensation; Iatrogenic Dry Eye; and Clinical Trial Design and explores how each of these inform diagnostic methodology, disease subtype, and management of DED. Sex- and gender-related differences significantly influence the ocular surface due to hormones, sex chromosomes, sex-specific autosomal factors, epigenetics, care-seeking behaviors, and service use. Epidemiologic data reveal that DED prevalence varies by age and sex, influenced by diagnostic criteria and the multifactorial nature of the disease. New risk factors for DED include environmental, iatrogenicity, systemic diseases, and lifestyle domains. Pathophysiological distinctions between aqueous deficient and more evaporative forms of DED have been clarified, with the latter most commonly characterized by a muted inflammatory response at the ocular surface, meibomian gland dysfunction, and conceivably phenotypic changes in corneal epithelial cells. There is an expanding role for metabolic, hormonal, physical, neural and cellular stresses, including hyperosmolarity, mitochondrial stress, and neurogenic inflammation. Advancements in tear film research recommend new approaches to understanding DED pathogenesis and identifying biomarkers, such as microRNAs. Ocular pain perception is linked to...