Research advances in the study of traditional Chinese medicine formula granules on signaling pathway-mediated disease mechanisms

作者：Zhuoxu Gu, Zhonghao Wang, Xianquan Zhang, Guanghui Zhou, Gui-Hong Liang, Lingfeng Zeng, Jun Liu · 发表于：Frontiers in Pharmacology · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3389/fphar.2025.1609211 · 被引用次数：15 · 研究领域：Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research、Inflammasome and immune disorders、Traditional Chinese Medicine Analysis

As a modern dosage form of traditional Chinese medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granules (TCMFG) maximally retains active metabolites through standardized production processes, including dynamic countercurrent extraction and low-temperature concentration. This serves as a critical material basis for elucidating its multi-target regulatory mechanisms. Recent studies have highlighted the significant potential of TCMFG in treating complex diseases, such as inflammation, tumors, metabolic disorders, fibrosis, and orthopedic conditions like osteoarthritis and osteoporosis, by modulating signaling pathways such as TLR4/NF-κB, MAPK, NLRP3 inflammasome, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin, and TGF-β/Smads. For example, berberine alleviates acute lung injury by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, while tetramethylpyrazine derived from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort granules mitigate joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis by suppressing MAPK signaling. Curcumin analogs inhibit tumor metabolic reprogramming via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Despite these advances, current research encounters challenges, such as single-component analysis, unclear synergistic mechanisms of compound mixtures, and insufficient clinical evidence for translational applications. In the future, integrating multi-omics technologies (e.g., metabolomics, spatial transcriptomics) will be crucial for exploring supramolecular synergistic effects of compound mixtures. Furthermore, large-scale clinical trials are necessar...