Dietary protein and risk of type 2 diabetes: findings from a registry-based cohort study and a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

作者：Mingjing Xu, Jianheng Zheng, Tao Ying, Yang Zhu, Jun Du, Fan Li, Bo Chen, Yuwei Liu, Gengsheng He · 发表于：Nutrition and Diabetes · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1038/s41387-025-00380-z · 被引用次数：7 · 研究领域：Nutritional Studies and Diet、Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact、Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling

OBJECTIVES: Lifestyle intervention, especially dietary modification, has been the cornerstone in preventing type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to investigate the associations of various protein intake exposures with the risk of incident T2D in adults with or without metabolic diseases. METHODS: We followed 29517 residents enrolled in the Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank (SSACB) without diabetes at baseline through the electronic information system. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the associations of various protein intake exposures with the risk of incident T2D, visualized by restricted cubic splines (RCS). Propensity-score matching and subgroup analysis were used to characterize the association between total protein and incident T2D by metabolic diseases. Meta-analysis further explored the association between protein intake and incident T2D in broader populations. RESULTS: In SSACB, 1511 (5.1%) participants developed T2D during a median follow-up period of 5.69 years. A U-shaped association between total protein and risk of incident T2D was found (protective range: 12.20-16.85 percentage energy (%E), cut-off point: 14.53%E). The U-shaped association (P-nonlinear < 0.001) remained in adults with hypertension with a narrower protective range (12.20-15.35%E), with a linear association in adults with NAFLD (HR per 1%E: 0.952, 95% CI: [0.910, 0.995]), whereas no significant association in adults with hyperlipidemia or central obesity. A negative associ...