Differences in White Matter Microstructure in Children With Type 1 Diabetes Persist During Longitudinal Follow-up: Relation to Dysglycemia

作者：Nelly Mauras, Qianheng Ma, Stuart A. Weinzimer, Neil H. White, Eva Tsalikian, Bruce A. Buckingham, Larry A. Fox, William V. Tamborlane, Ana María Arbeláez, Michael Tansey, Tandy Aye, Allison Cato, Tamara Hershey, Kim Englert, Matthew Marzelli, Booil Jo, Allan L. Reiss · 发表于：Diabetes · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.2337/db24-0684 · 被引用次数：7 · 研究领域：Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications、Diabetes Management and Research、Diabetes and associated disorders

Type 1 diabetes has detrimental effects in white matter microstructure. In a longitudinal study, we investigated whether these reported findings change as children grow and enter puberty. At study entry, there were 143 children with type 1 diabetes and 71 control participants without diabetes, 4-9 years old. Brain MRI using diffusion tensor imaging, neurocognitive, and glycemic assessments were performed four times across 6-8 years of follow-up. Longitudinal mixed-effects modeling was used to examine changes in fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD) (measures of myelination and fiber integrity), radial diffusivity (RD) (axonal leakage), and mean diffusivity (MD) (average diffusion). Associations with glycemic and cognitive measures were assessed. We observed in 182 children (121 type 1 diabetes vs. 61 control participants) who had testing at time 4 that FA increased, and RD, AD, and MD decreased significantly in both groups, with no differences between groups for FA, RD and MD over time. However, children with diabetes had lower AD than control participants at 6-10 years. Differences were not detected at 12 years (age imputed from data), when in puberty. Higher blood glucose levels are associated with lower FA and higher RD and MD. Higher glucose percentage time-in-range was associated with higher FA, reflecting better fiber integrity and myelination and higher cognitive metrics. Within the diabetes group, AD and MD showed no association with neurocognitive outcom...