Rapid adaptation and extinction across climates in synchronized outdoor evolution experiments of Arabidopsis thaliana

作者：Xing Wu, Tatiana Bellagio, Yunru Peng, Lucas Czech, Meixi Lin, Patricia L. M. Lang, Ruth Epstein, Mohamed Abdelaziz, Jake M. Alexander, Mireille Caton-Darby, Carlos Alonso‐Blanco, Heidi Lie Andersen, Modesto Berbel, Joy Bergelson, Liana T. Burghardt, Carolin Delker, Panayiotis G. Dimitrakopoulos, Kathleen Donohue, Walter Durka, Gema Escribano‐Ávila, Steven J. Franks, Felix Fritschi, Alexandros Galanidis, Alfredo García‐Fernández, Ana García‐Muñoz, Elena Hamann, Martijn Herber, Allison Hutt, José María Iriondo, Thomas Juenger, Stephen R. Keller, Karin Koehl, Arthur Korte, Pamela Korte, Alexander Kuschera, Carlos Lara‐Romero, Laura Leventhal, Daniel Maag, Arnald Marcer, Martí March‐Salas, Juliette de Meaux, Belén Méndez‐Vigo, Javier Morente‐López, Timothy C. Morton, Zuzana Münzbergová, Anne Muola, Meelis Pärtel, F. Xavier Picó, Brandie Quarles-Chidyagwai, Marcel Quint, Niklas Reichelt, Agnieszka Rudak, Johanna Schmitt, Merav Seifan, Basten L. Snoek, Remco Stam, John R. Stinchcombe, Marc Stift, Mark A. Taylor, Peter Tiffin, Irène Till‐Bottraud, Anna Traveset, Jean-Gabriel Valay, Martijn van Zanten, Vigdis Vandvik, Cyrille Violle, Maciej Wódkiewicz, Detlef Weigel, Oliver Bossdorf, Robert I. Colautti, François Vasseur, J. F. Scheepens, Moisés Expósito‐Alonso · 发表于：bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1101/2025.05.28.654549 · 被引用次数：9 · 研究领域：Evolution and Genetic Dynamics、Genetic diversity and population structure、Species Distribution and Climate Change

Climate change is threatening species with extinction, and rapid evolutionary adaptation may be their only option for population rescue over short ecological timescales. However, direct observations of rapid genetic adaptation and population dynamics across climates are rare across species. To fill this gap, we conducted a replicated, globally synchronized evolution experiment with the plant Arabidopsis thaliana for 5 years in over 30 outdoor experimental gardens with distinct climates across Europe, the Levant, and North America. We performed whole-genome sequencing on ~70,000 surviving reproductive individuals and directly observed rapid and repeatable adaptation across climates. Allele frequency changes over time were parallel in experimental evolution replicates within the same climates, while they diverged across contrasting climates--with some allele frequency shifts best explained by strong selection between -46% to +60%. Screening the genome for signals of rapid climate adaptation identified a polygenic architecture with both known and novel adaptive genetic variants connected to important ecological phenotypes including environmental stress responses, CAM5 and HEAT SHOCK FACTORs, and germination and spring flowering timing, CYTOCHROME P450s and TSF. We found evolutionary adaptation trends were often predictable, but variable across environments. In warm climates, high evolutionary predictability was associated with population survival up to 5 years, while erratic tre...