Land-use spillovers from environmental policy interventions

作者：Diana Ramírez-Mejía, Yves Zinngrebe, Erle C. Ellis, Peter H. Verburg · 发表于：Global Environmental Change · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103013 · 被引用次数：13 · 研究领域：Energy, Environment, Economic Growth、Economic and Environmental Valuation、Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management

• Spillovers are widely recognized but lack common frameworks and methods. • Most spillovers arise where enforcement is weak and frontier land is accessible. • Spillover research focuses on climate; biodiversity frameworks are overlooked. • Spillovers are rarely assessed across local-to-global scales in policy studies. • Addressing spillovers needs shared tools, cross-scale methods, and integration. Environmental policy interventions are crucial for addressing biodiversity loss and climate change, yet their effectiveness can be compromised by land-use spillovers, where efforts to reduce impacts in one place displace them elsewhere. Despite growing recognition of spillovers, they remain unevenly defined, inconsistently measured, and poorly integrated into policy evaluation and accountability frameworks. This systematic review synthesizes current research on land-use spillovers triggered by environmental policies, including carbon pricing, protected areas, supply chain interventions, and payments for ecosystem services. We identify three dominant pathways: leakage, indirect land use change (iLUC), and positive spillovers, emerging under common conditions such as weak enforcement, market integration, limited livelihood alternatives, and accessible frontier lands. These conditions are shaped by broader institutional, economic, demographic, and biophysical drivers, yet are rarely integrated into policy design and evaluation. While methods to evaluate spillover effects range from g...