Green synthesis an eco-friendly route for the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Thevetia peruviana and their biological activities

作者：Abdur Rauf, Zubair Ahmad, Rahaf Ajaj, Haiyuan Zhang, Muhammad Ibrahim, Naveed Muhammad, Yahya S. Al‐Awthan, Omar Bahattab, Imran Ullah · 发表于：Scientific Reports · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1038/s41598-025-02387-z · 被引用次数：25 · 研究领域：Enzyme function and inhibition、Phytochemistry and Bioactivity Studies、Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications

) using the aqueous extract of Thevetia peruviana. The synthesized IONPs were confirmed via UV-Vis spectroscopy (295 nm) and characterized using FTIR and SEM. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations indicated a thermodynamically and mechanically stable system with semimetallic behavior and visible light absorption. The biological activities of the IONPs were evaluated, including enzyme inhibition assays for urease, α-glucosidase, carbonic anhydrase-II, and xanthine oxidase, as well as anticancer activity. The Fe₃O₄ NPs exhibited potent enzyme inhibition, including urease (94.78%, IC₅₀ = 24.98 µg/mL), α-glucosidase (86.09%), and carbonic anhydrase-II (82.98%, IC₅₀ = 24.78 µg/mL). Additionally, molecular docking was performed to evaluate the interaction of Fe₃O₄ NPs with target enzymes, supporting their inhibitory potential. The NPs also demonstrated notable anticancer activity, particularly against MDR 2780AD (IC₅₀ = 0.39 µg/mL). These results showed significant enzyme inhibition and anticancer properties, indicating the potential of these green-synthesized IONPs in biomedical applications.