Comparative Analysis of Long-Term Measles Immune Response After Natural Infection and Routine Vaccination in China

作者：Sihong Zhao, Qianli Wang, Juan Yang, Qiaohong Liao, Juanjuan Zhang, Xiaoyu Zhou, Jiaxin Zhou, Zeyao Zhao, Yuxia Liang, Junteng Luo, Jingting Cai, Yanpeng Wu, Wei Wang, Hongjie Yu · 发表于：Vaccines · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3390/vaccines13060555 · 被引用次数：5 · 研究领域：Virology and Viral Diseases、Viral Infections and Vectors、Immune responses and vaccinations

Background: Given the significant impact of population immunity on the measles epidemic, understanding immunity differences among populations with varying immunity backgrounds is necessary for identifying immunity gaps and informing vaccination policies. In this study, we aimed to determine the distinct dynamics of vaccine-induced and naturally acquired antibodies, with specific focus on difference in vaccine-induced antibody responses across different birth cohorts. Methods: Based on two cohorts and one cross-sectional study conducted in Anhua County, Hunan Province, China, serum samples from children who followed China’s routine measles vaccination schedule (i.e., two-dose schedule at 8/18 months) and adults who acquired immunity through natural infection were tested for measles IgG antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The generalized additive mixed model and a mechanistic model were employed to describe antibody dynamics following vaccination and infections. Wavelet analysis was used to investigate the temporal relationship between the measles epidemic and long-term antibody levels after natural infection. Results: A total of 408 children (0–12 years) and 222 adults (54–84 years) were included in the present study. Vaccine-induced antibody levels following 8 m/18 m vaccination were estimated to fall below the protective threshold of 200 mIU/mL by age of 15.8, whereas antibody levels following infections remained high. The decay rate of vaccine-induced ant...