The dual effects of macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles on tumor cell behavior: mechanisms and clinical potential

作者：Jia-Wen Tian, Yu-Han Fang, He‐Jing Zhang, Zi‐Li Yu · 发表于：Frontiers in Oncology · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3389/fonc.2025.1586083 · 被引用次数：10 · 研究领域：Extracellular vesicles in disease、Immune cells in cancer、Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics

Macrophages, key players in the immune system, exhibit diverse roles in tumor progression and regulation. Macrophages release extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane-bound particles that facilitate intercellular communication and cargo transfer. Macrophage-derived EVs (M-EVs) demonstrate a complex dual function in tumor development, with their effects dependent on their origin and the tumor microenvironment. M1-EVs show anti-tumor properties by reversing immune escape, while M2-EVs promote tumor biogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Tumor-associated macrophage-derived EVs (TAM-EVs) generally facilitate tumor progression but may exhibit anti-tumor characteristics in specific cancers. M-EVs, particularly M1-EVs, show promise as drug delivery vehicles in tumor-targeted therapy due to their targeting capabilities and ability to cross physiological barriers. Despite challenges in clinical application, ongoing research aims to harness the potential of M-EVs for more effective and personalized cancer treatments. This review summarizes how M-EVs influence tumor cell behavior, their mechanisms of action, and the challenges related to specificity, isolation, and clinical application. Collectively, this comprehensive analysis not only provides researchers with a better understanding of the complex roles of M-EVs in cancer biology but also lights the way for innovative therapeutic strategies, potentially advancing the development of more effective and personalized ...