Enhancing fermentation quality and fiber decomposition of Phragmites australis silage by introducing Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria consortia

作者：Yong Liu, Songbai Zhang, Junrui Liao, Nazir Ahmad Khan, Shaoxun Tang, Chuanshe Zhou, Zhiliang Tan, Asmaa Elnagar, Ibrahim F. Rehan, František Zigo, Abdelfattah Z. M. Salem · 发表于：Frontiers in Veterinary Science · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3389/fvets.2025.1557614 · 被引用次数：4 · 研究领域：Food composition and properties、Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology、Proteins in Food Systems

Introduction As a low-cost, high-fibre biomass resource, Phragmites australis (reed) has significant potential for feed applications, particularly as a partial replacement for conventional roughage in ruminant diets. Methods This study investigated the effects of integrating Bacillus subtilis ( B. subtilis BNCC109047) with homofermentative/ heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) consortia on the fermentation and nutritional quality of Phragmites australis (reed) silage. Five treatments were evaluated: a Control (CK, without inoculum) and four inoculants—LAB (1.5 × 108 CFU/kg LAB, 1:4 homofermentative ( Lentilactobacillus plantarum BNCC 336421 and Pediococcus pentosaceus BNCC 135034 in a ratio of 1:1): heterofermentative ( L. buchneri BNCC 187961) ratio), LAB-BS2.5 (LAB plus 2.5 × 10 7 CFU/kg B. subtilis ), LAB-BS5.0 (LAB plus 5.0 × 10 7 CFU/kg B. subtilis ), and LAB-BS10.0 (LAB plus 1.0 × 10 8 CFU/kg B. subtilis )—with triplicate samples per group. Silage fermentation was conducted for 90 days. Results LAB-BS10.0 demonstrated superior fermentation outcomes, achieving the highest lactic acid-to-total acid ratio (62.3%, p < 0.05) and the lowest ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N) content (0.60 ± 0.09 g/kg, p < 0.05). Acetic and butyric acid concentrations were significantly reduced ( p < 0.05), while neutral detergent fiber (NDF) decreased by 5.9% compared to the Control. Ether extract (EE) increased to 4.76% ( p < 0.01), highlighting enhanced lipid pr...